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LESSON 10Independent Pronouns
Lesson objective
In this lesson, you will learn the independent pronouns and use them to make simple sentences.
What are independent pronouns?
Independent pronouns are pronouns that are used alone. They are not attached to nouns, verbs, or prepositions.
Independent pronouns in Darija
| English | Darija |
|---|---|
| I | ana |
| You — one man | nta |
| You — one woman | nti |
| He | huwa |
| She | hiya |
| We | нna |
| You — plural | ntuma |
| They | huma |
Making simple sentences
When an independent pronoun is followed by a noun or an adjective, Darija does not need the verb to be. The meaning of am, is, or are is already understood.
Example 1
ana ustad. — Meaning: I am a teacher. (ana = I, ustad = teacher — there is no separate word for “am”)
Example 2
hiya 3iyana. — Meaning: She is tired. (hiya = she, 3iyana = tired — there is no separate word for “is”)
Transcription reminder
- h — the normal English h sound, as in hello
- н — a deeper sound pronounced in the throat like a loud, rough whisper
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